![]() The degree to which these chemical mediators are engaged often depends on the type of stressor and the magnitude of the response. The maintenance of homeostasis involves the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis through their respective chemical mediators, which include norepinephrine (noradrenaline), epinephrine (adrenaline), and cortisol. The body is in a constant state of flux and adaptation to our changing internal and external environment, making subtle physiological adjustments to maintain a relatively stable equilibrium known as homeostasis. ![]() But an extreme stressor isn’t always required to stimulate a stress response. In a “life or death” situation, the stress response can literally save our lives by readying us to act and facilitating a physiological response to support that action. These are the effects of adrenaline, otherwise known as epinephrine, which is produced in the adrenal medulla when we encounter a significant stressor. ![]() In that moment, your heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate increased, your pupils dilated, and your brain felt immediately more alert. If you have ever experienced a near-miss collision or other accident, you have likely felt the rush of adrenaline coursing through your veins almost instantly. ![]()
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